Percentage change
Calculate the relative increase or decrease between two values.
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- Enter initial and final values using the same unit.
- Calculate the change; the initial value must be nonzero.
- Interpret the sign and retain the initial base when comparing other changes.
An example you can verify
Compare an initial and final value measured in the same unit.
Example input
Initial: 100 Final: 125
Expected result
25 %
A zero initial value has no defined relative change. For negatives, the denominator uses the absolute initial value.
Settings and limits
The formula is (final − initial) / |initial| × 100. Using the absolute initial value makes an increase from a negative number positive. An initial value of zero has no defined percentage change.
Frequently asked questions
What does the sign mean?
A positive result indicates an increase; a negative result indicates a decrease relative to the magnitude of the initial value.